The translation of theoretical knowledge and experimental breakthroughs into the clinical practice of medicine has always been difficult. During the past few decades, growing barriers between clinical and basic research, the size of the acquired scientific data and the ever-increasing complexities of conducting clinical research according to government regulations and financial constraints, have made this translation even more problematic. Translational research has emerged as a scientific discipline rather recently, in order to bridge the gap between basic and clinical research. The translational researcher functions as the link or translator between the two branches having experience of both fields and translating the messages of one branch into the language of the other. The translational researcher can identify the underlying clinical consequences of the new discoveries of basic research, and can relate them to the confirmed needs of the clinician. Thus, translational research is currently defined as the process of transforming research innovations into new health products and diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and is usually carried out in academic institutions.

Recent studies indicated that the discoveries in basic or clinical science take a very long time to translate to widespread application and to improved health of individuals. There are two major “translational blocks” impeded the incorporation of scientific discoveries: 1. translation form basic science to human studies (new methods for diagnosis, treatment or prevention). 2. translation form clinical studies to actual clinical practice decision making. Pediatrics abounds with examples of the slow translation of research to improved health care. Despite research highlighting preventable causes of childhood asthma, successive national and international guidelines for asthma management, and effective therapies, studies continue to document the rising prevalence of asthma, variability in the level of health care received by children, and also the significant of asthma morbidity. Investigations have uncovered genetic, biologic, and behavioral cause of childhood obesity or autism, yet effective human studies are needed to prevent and successfully manage these disease, In the long term, only education can modify mentalities and perceptions. Through educational interventions new strategies of clinical and translational research can be implemented at all levels, including collaboration between scientists, clinicians, researchers and stakeholders (industry, society, state, health systems). Via education, the hospital manager will cease to identify clinical research with low-priority and non-cost-effective expense. Society will understand the true benefits of medical research. Scientists and clinicians will accommodate to public control and transparency of priorities and fund expenses. Finally, industry will invest more, and those in medical fields will learn to recognize the necessities of private sector investment. But again, as mentioned before, the roles of translational clinicians and researchers are central.